2022 Awardees

  • Kaid Harper, AbbVie
  • Carolyn Wei, Amgen
  • Martin Himmelbauer, Biogen
  • Emily Cherney, BMS
  • Maryll Geherty, BMS
  • John Roberts, Dow
  • Andrew DeAngelis, FMC
  • Allen Hong, Genetech
  • Terry Lebold, Janssen
  • Connor Martin, Janssen
  • Austin Smith, Loxo – Lilly
  • Yining Ji Chen, Merck
  • Eric Phillips, Merck
  • David Thaisrivongs, Merck
  • Janelle Sauvageau, NRC, Canada
  • Simone Bonazzi, Novartis
  • Hasnain A. Malik, Novartis
  • Dan Schmitt, Pfizer

2021 Awardees

  • Omar Ahmad, Blueprint
  • Christophe Allais, Pfizer
  • Matthew Beaver, Amgen
  • Raphaelle Berger, Merck
  • Alexander Buitrago-Santanilla, GSK
  • Ida Chen, Dow
  • Anne-Marie Dechert Schmitt, Pfizer
  • Amelie Dion, Merck/Pfizer
  • Anna Dunn, GSK
  • Candice Joe, BMS
  • Anais Jolit, AbbVie
  • Leo Joyce, Arrowhead
  • Carolyn Leverett, Pfizer
  • Xiaoli Liao, AbbVie
  • Brian Loy, Corteva Agriscience
  • Yu Lu, Lilly
  • Feng Peng, Merck
  • Vivek Rauniyar, Novartis
  • Chris Regens, Gilead
  • Troy Reynolds, AbbVie
  • Trevor Sherwood, BMS
  • Steven Silverman, Merck
  • Lauren Sirois, Genentech
  • Craig Stivala, Genentech
  • Shun Su, BMS
  • Benjamin Taft, Novartis
  • Dan Treitler, BMS
  • Tom Willumstad, Dow
  • Yun Zhang, AstraZeneca

2020 Awardees

  • Matthew Belowich, Dow. “Lewis Acids as Highly Active Silanol Polycondensation Catalysts Affording Low Levels of Cyclosiloxanes”
  • Tamas Benkovics, Merck. “Innovation for the Synthesis of Diverse Nucleosides”
  • Nick Desrosiers, Pfizer. “Development of Difluoromethylation Methodologies for Large-Scale Processes”
  • Anna Fryszkowska, Merck. “Biocatalysis in the pharmaceutical industry – chemistry for tomorrow’s earth.”
  • Chong Han, Genentech. “Chemoselective, Stereocontrolled Cu-Catalyzed C-N Couplings Towards a Highly Potent mPI3Ka Inhibitor GDC-0077”
  • Sebastien Monfette, Pfizer. “Nickel catalysis: Novel ligands and reactions of practical importance to the pharmaceutical industry”
  • Ryan Moslin, BMS. “Inhibition of TYK2 via the Pseudokinase: The Discovery of Deucravacitinib”
  • Jaclyn Murphy, DuPont. “Development of new materials for electronic applications”
  • Zack Oblak Oblak, GSK. “The design and development of a manufacturing process for GSK’772”
  • Martins Oderinde, BMS. “Photocatalytic [2+2] Cycloaddition for Building Cyclobutane-Fused Three-Dimensional Molecular Complexity”
  • Andrew Parsons, Amgen. “Development of a commercial manufacturing process for an atropisomeric KRAS G12C inhibitor”
  • Ryan Patman, Pfizer. “Design and Synthesis of Carbonucleoside Inhibitors of PRMT5 for the Treatment of Cancer: A Desymmetrization Approach”
  • David Pearson, Dow. “Carbon-carbon centered radical initiators for polymerization of unsaturated monomers.”
  • Christopher Plummer, Merck. “Identification and Optimization of Positive Allosteric GPR40 Agonists for Diabetes”
  • Danica Rankic, Pfizer. “Strategies toward robust and scalable syntheses of α-pyrazolyl pyrrolidines”
  • Mari Rosen, Dow. “Chromium Catalysts with Phospholane Ligands for Ethylene Tetramerization”
  • Janelle Steves, GSK. “HTE in 3D: Implication of phosphine featurization methods on HTE design and analysis of reaction outcomes”
  • Aimee Usera, Novartis. “Ride of a lifetime: a novel half-life extension technology succeeding across chemical space”
  • Jason Zbieg, Genentech. “Discovery of a Chiral Amphiphilic Iridium Catalyst for Carbon- Heteroatom Bond Formation: Reactions of Amines, Anilines, Indoles and Other Various Nucleophiles.”

2019 Awardees

  • Brad Bailey, Dow. “Polyolefin catalysts for the production of ethylene-based fluids”
  • Bryan Barton, Dow Dupont E&I. “Shifting the oxidation pathways of polyethylene to provide carbonaceous species in high yield”
  • Amanda Dombrowski, Abbvie. “High-throughput reaction screening enabled by small scale solid dispensing”
  • Shuzhi Dong, Merck. “Discovery of MK-8153: ROMK inhibitor as new mechanism diuretic for hypertension and heart failure”
  • Stephen Greszler, Abbvie. “Impacting the pipeline through discovery synthesis groups: Cystic fibrosis, HCV, and immunology”
  • Michael Harris, NovoNordisk. “Development of PMC friendly approaches to the construction of synthetically challenging cyclopropane motifs”
  • Josh Kaitz, Dupont. “Rational design of organic materials for advanced microlithography”
  • Jonrock Kong, Merck. “Design and development of catalytic processes for the synthesis of antiviral agents EFdA (MK-8591) and vaniprevir (MK-7009)”
  • Chad Lewis, Pfizer. “Asymmetric atropisoinduction”
  • David Marcoux, BMS. “Rationally designed, conformationally constrained inverse agonists of ROR?t: Identification of a potent, selective series with biologic-like in vivo efficacy”
  • Tricia May-Dracka, Biogen. “Investigation of small molecule inhibitors of PLD for the treatment of ALS”
  • Meredith McGowan, Merck. “Discovery and evolution of potent and selective heme-displacing IDO1 inhibitors”
  • Jordan Meier, NCI. “New insights into acetylation & oncometabolism from chemoproteomics”
  • Theo Michels, eFfector. “Synthesis of bioactive flavagline analogues as inhibitors of cap-dependent translation: Discovery of eFT226”
  • Erik Regalado, Merck. “Universal chromatographic methods and fit for purpose workflows in the research and development of new pharmaceuticals”
  • Benjamin Sherry, Merck. “Process development in the pharmaceutical industry”
  • Iulia Strambeau, GSK. “Convergent synthesis of the NS5B inhibitor GSK8175 enabled by transition metal catalysis”
  • Jenna Terebetski. “Want to improve your (bio)performance? Take a closer look at the physical properties”
  • Rubben Torella, Pfizer. “Designing for bias: Computational methods to drive rational design of G-protein biased agonists”
  • Joseph Tucker, Pfizer. “High-throughput experimentation in flow: From screening to compound production”
  • Steven Wisniewski, Bristol-Myers Squibb. “Robust catalytic transformations: Value of mechanistic studies in process chemistry”
  • Robert Wright, Dow. “Organic molecules as forensic fuel markers”
  • Ian Young, Genentech. “Application of under-utilized transformations to the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant molecules”

2018 Awardees

  • Karla Bravo-Altamirano, Corteva Agriscience. “Synthesis and bioactivity of carbohydrate-based macrocyclic picolinamide fungicides.”
  • Alison Brewer, Pfizer. “Design, development and scale-up of a homogeneous Chan-Lam coupling”
  • Matthew Campbell, Merck. “Herbicidal 2-aryl-1,2,3-triazoles”
  • Benoit Cardinal-David, Abbvie. “Flow chemistry: Impact on early process development”
  • Chiol Chung, Genentech. “Expedient synthesis of chiral tryptamines via a regioselective indole alkylation”
  • Jamie McCabe Dunn, Merck. “Vignettes in process chemistry spanning enabling discovery chemistry to manufacturing route development”
  • Marie Gabrielle-Braun, Genentech. “Discovery of GDC-0077: A highly selective inhibitor of PI3K-alpha that induces degradation of mutant-p110 alpha protein”
  • Tom Greshock, Merck. “Innovative chemistry enabling drug discovery: Leveraging new frontiers in organic synthesis to improve success rate”
  • David Laitar, Dow. “Boron- and copper-based TADF emitters: Synthesis, photochemical characterization and OLED device performance”
  • Ricardo Lira, Pfizer. “Preparation and optimization of macrocyclic peptide-like inhibitors for intravenous applications”
  • Sheng Liu, Dow. “Design and synthesis of high carbon content polymers via catalytic oxidative cross-coupling reactions for application in advanced manufacture”
  • Michael Luzung, Bristol–Myers Squibb. “Discovering innovative and impactful chemistry through external collaborations”
  • Steven M. Mennen, Amgen. “Integration of discovery and process development to deliver a high complexity BACE inhibitor”
  • Joseph Pero, GlaxoSmithKline. “Discovery of a novel class of TRPV4 antagonists and optimization with respect to LLE, oral PK properties and off-target activity”
  • Angela Puchlopek-Dermenci, Pfizer. “Commercial route development of a SMO inhibitor”
  • Aaron Smith, Pfizer. “Speed to clinic: The critical role of organic synthesis in medicinal chemistry.”

2017 Awardees

  • Scott Bader, Pfizer. “Synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs): Difficulties in the synthesis of the parts can be greater than that of the whole”
  • Douglas Behenna, Pfizer. “Discovery and early enablement of PF-06747775: A next generation irreversible inhibitor of mutant EGFR for the treatment of NSCLC.”
  • Aaron Burns, Dart Neuroscience. “Aldehyde Oxidase Metabolism in Drug Discovery”
  • Vincent Chan, AbbVie. “Development of a robust process for Venetoclax”
  • Michael Demartino, GlaxoSmithKline. “Next generation RET kinase inhibitor: Improved physicochemical and PK properties enhance local GI tissue distribution”
  • Kevin Hesp, Pfizer. “Synthesis of Photoreactive Chemical Probes through Late-Stage Heterocyclic C-H Functionalization of Unmodified Biologically Active Molecules”
  • Xin Linghu, Genentech. “Development of a practical synthesis of small molecule intermediate for THIOMAB-antibiotic conjugates (TACs) “
  • Zhijian Liu, Merck. “Asymmetric Hydrogen Bonding Catalysis for the Synthesis of Dihydroquinazoline-containing Antiviral, Letermovir”
  • Ana Minatti, Amgen. “Fueling the Alzheimer’s BACE1 Race with Genetic Insights and Cyclopropyloxazine BACE1 Inhibitors”
  • Christian Nilewski, eFFECTOR Therapies. “Design and synthesis of novel natural product-inspired eIF4A inhibitors”
  • Thomas Pillow, Genentech. “New Chemistries for Antibody-Drug Conjugates”
  • Izzat Raheem, Merck. “Discovery of 2-pyridinone aminals: A prodrug strategy to advance a second generation of HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitors”
  • Matthew Schiffler, Lilly. “mPGES-1 Inhibitors from start to clinic”
  • Eric Simmons, Bristol–Myers Squibb. “Discovery, Development and Mechanistic Study of Catalytic Transformations for the Multi-Kilogram Scale Synthesis of Pharmaceutical Intermediates”
  • Emile Velthuisen, GlaxoSmithKline. “Design of Highly Potent Allosteric Integrase Inhibitors”
  • Abbas Walji, Merck. “New opportunities for synthetic chemistry to enable drug discovery: Discovery of [18F]MK-6240 a novel PET imaging agent for tau pathology”

2016 Awardees

  • Robert Aversa, Novartis. “ATR inhibitors for cancer: SBDD and mitigation of TDI “
  • Haiming Zhang, Genentech. “Practical processes to selective estrogen receptor degrader GDC-0810 “
  • Michael Schmidt, Bristol-Myers Squibb. “Case studies in process research: Small molecules with big challenges “
  • Hua Xu, Pfizer. “Applications of sulfonyl fluorides in drug discovery and chemical biology”
  • Erin P. Keaney, Novartis. “Disruption of autophagy in vivo via selective Vps34 inhibitors “
  • Eric C. Hansen, Pfizer. “Mining pharmaceutical libraries for new ligands in nickel catalysis “
  • Philip Fontaine, Dow Chemical. “Discovery and development of molecular polyolefin catalysts “
  • Hilary S. Eidam, GlaxoSmithKline. “RET inhibitors for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome “
  • Christopher am Ende, Pfizer. “Design and application of photoaffinity probes to investigate the mechanism of action of ?-secretase inhibitors and modulators”
  • Joseph R. Martinelli, Eli Lilly. “Evolution of a platform for aerobic processes”
  • Malliga R. Iyer, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). “Synthetic approaches toward the design of multi-target compounds for the treatment of metabolic disorders and fibrosis “
  • Anna V. Davis, Dow Chemical. “Advances in the direct control of polyethylene oxide molecular weight”
  • Mirlinda Biba, Merck. “Chromatographic analysis and separation of short RNA oligonucleotides with novel liquid chromatography methods “
  • Dennie S. Welch, AbbVie. “Development of a practical asymmetric synthesis of a TRPV1 antagonist “
  • Arjun Raghuraman, Dow Chemical. “Sequential DMC/FAB-catalyzed alkoxylation towards high primary hydroxyl, high equivalent weight polyether polyols “
  • Jackie Milne, Amgen. “Development of a robust process for a cMet inhibitor”

2015 Awardees

  • Gregg Keaney, H3 Biomedicine. “Total synthesis of 6-deoxypladienolide D and assessment of splicing inhibitory activity in a mutant SF3B1 cancer cell line”
  • Roy Helmy, Merck. “Development and implementation of innovative high-throughput screening and analysis solutions to support discovery and development of active pharmaceutical ingredients in the pharmaceutical industry”
  • Patricia Brieva, L’Oreal. “Organic acid applications within the cosmeceutical industry “chemical peels””
  • Reema Thalji, GlaxoSmithKline. “Structure-guided design and optimization of fluoroquinolone-substituted bacterial type IIA DNA topoisomerase inhibitors”
  • Paul LaBeaume, Dow Chemical. “Application of synthetic organic chemistry in the design of cationic initiators for next generation photoresists”
  • Kevin Cole, Eli Lilly. “Continuous processing: Chemical route development and GMP implementation”
  • Timothy Briggs, Ensemble Therapeutics. “DNA-programmed chemistry toward macrocycle libraries for drug discovery”
  • Andrew Vetter, Eastman Chemical. “Cobalt catalyzed reductive carbonylation of methanol”
  • Andrew Hejl, Dow Chemical. “Designed hybridization – acrylic-epoxy hybrid dispersions for industrial coating applications”
  • Nathan Ide, Pfizer. “Development of a commercial manufacturing process for Ibrance® (palbociclib)”
  • Jeffrey Kallemeyn, AbbVie. “Approaches to the heterocyclic core of Ilorasertib”
  • Andrew Satterfield, DuPont. “Carbonyl containing heterocycles as aromatic isosteres in 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) herbicides”
  • Antonella Converso, Merck. “Discovery of adenosine analog inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase”
  • Ke Chen, Bristol-Myers-Squibb. “Overcoming steric and electronic obstacles: Development of efficient syntheses of active pharmaceutical ingredients”
  • Martin Schnermann, National Cancer Institute. “Near-IR uncaging chemistry: Discovery and applications”
  • Sheng Cui, Amgen. “Chiral chemistry for API synthesis”

2014 Awardees

  • Nicole Knight, Dow Chemical. “Multidisciplinary problem solving in industrial research”
  • Anthony A Estrada, Genentech. “Access to potent, selective, efficacious, and highly functionalized pyrimidoaminotropane mTOR inhibitors through the development of a flexible pyrimidine methodology”
  • Christoph W Zapf, Pfizer. “Lessons learned from targeting interleukin-2 inducible T cell kinase (ITK) by a covalent approach”
  • Kelly M George, L’Oreal. “Development of new skin care cleansing formulations using design of experiment and fast formulation tools”
  • Beth M. Cooper, Dow Chemical. “Latex-pigment interactions in paint to reduce environmental impact and improve performance”
  • Rebecca T Ruck, Merck. “MK-7655: Surprising synthetic complexity for seemingly straightforward steps”
  • Adrian Ortiz, Bristol-Myers-Squibb. “Discovery of an innovative stereoselective synthesis of BMS-986001: A nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) for the treatment of HIV infection”
  • Sébastien Lemaire, Janssen Pharmaceutica. “Stereoselective C-glycosylation reactions with arylzinc reagents”
  • Shashank Shekhar, AbbVie. “Discovery of novel catalytic technologies in the process development of HCV polymerase inhibitors”
  • Jared L. Piper, Eli Lilly. “Process development and synthetic approaches for a CB1 inverse agonist”

2013 Awardees

  • Santhosh F Neelamkavil, Merck. “Discovery of bridged bicyclic piperidines as GPR119 agonists for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes”
  • Kurt Hirsekorn, Dow Chemical. “Selective methane activation and chlorocarbon development for climate friendly refrigerants via free radical chemistries”
  • John S. Schneekloth, National Cancer Institute. “Chemical probes of protein sumoylation: Strategies and tactics”
  • David L. Gray, Pfizer. “Medicinal chemistry at the blood-brain interface: Challenge and opportunity”
  • Shawn D. Walker, Amgen. “Development of new methods for the asymmetric synthesis of small molecule drug candidates”
  • Allyn T. Londregan, Pfizer. “Synthetic enablement for drug discovery: A new method for the addition of nucleophiles to pyridine-N-oxides”
  • Owendi Ongayi, Dow Electronic Materials. “Development of materials for semiconductor device fabrication”
  • Rami Hannoush, Genentech. “Peptides tools for targeting the zymogen form of a caspase”
  • Artis Klapars, Merck. “Asymmetric synthesis of complex drug targets”

2012 Awardees

  • Michael T. Rudd, Merck. “Discovery of vaniprevir (MK-7009) and MK-5172: Macrocyclic HCV NS3/4a protease inhibitors”
  • Stephen M. Lynch, Hoffmann-La Roche. “Design and synthesis of novel monoamine triple reuptake inhibitors”
  • Jason S. Tedrow, Amgen. “Route selection toward AMG 222: A direct tetrazole addition strategy toward building molecular complexity”
  • Ming Xu, DuPont Crop Protection. “Synthesis and crop protection utility of novel fused heterobicyclic isoxazolines”
  • Ed Cleator, Merck. “Discovery of an asymmetric synthesis of suvorexant”
  • Lori Krim Gavrin, Pfizer. “Adventures in medicinal chemistry: Drug design and probe design”

2011 Awardees

  • Vincent Mascitti, Pfizer. “Discovery of clinical candidate PF-04971729: An anti-diabetic agent from the structurally unique dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane class of SGLT2 inhibitors”
  • Lisa A. Marcaurelle, Broad Institute. “Diversity-oriented synthesis: From macrocyclesto spirocycles and beyond”
  • Brian C. Shook, Johnson & Johnson. “Indenopyrimidines as dual adenosine A2A/A1 antagonists for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease”
  • Xing Dai, Merck. “Example of drug discovery program leading to the development of novel reactions”
  • Aaron T. Wright, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. “Identification of proteins relevant to bioenergy and disease pathology by chemical proteome profiling”
  • Spencer D. Dreher, Merck. “Collaboration and communication in chemistry”
  • Ted W. Johnson, Pfizer. “HIV integrase and the Golden Triangle: Overcoming synthetic challenges to compounds occupying unique chemical space”
  • Martin D. Eastgate, Bristol-Myers Squibb. “On the palladium catalyzed oxidation of cyclic dienes”

2010 Awardees

  • Vassil I. Elitzin, GlaxoSmithKline. “Efficient and practical synthesis of GSK812397, an HIV drug candidate”
  • Qinhua Huang, Pfizer. “Synthesis and evaluation of NO donor containing carbonic anhydrase inhibitors”
  • Andrew W. Fraley, Ensemble Discovery. “DNA-programmed chemistry approaches to macrocyclic lead compounds”
  • Catherine A Faler, ExxonMobil Chemical Company. “Synthesis of pyridyl amine ligands for catalyzed ethylene oligomerization”
  • Robert D. Mazzola, Jr., Merck/Ligand Pharmaceuticals. “Design and synthesis of novel ß-secretase (BACE) inhibitors”
  • Hannah Yu, Eli Lilly. “Development of an efficient palladium-catalyzed intramolecular carbometalation reaction for the synthesis of a dibenzoxapine-containing tetrasubstituted exocyclic alkene”
  • Fa Liu, National Cancer Institute. “Peptide mimetics disrupting protein-protein interactions discovered by post-solid phase modifications”
  • Francis Gosselin, Merck. “Asymmetric hydrogenation of unprotected N-H ketoimines”
  • Nidhi Gupta, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University. “Synthetic ligands (synbodies): Syntheticalternatives to antibodies”
  • Matthew M. Bio, Amgen. “Practial arene metallation chemistry”

2009 Awardees

  • Craig J. Thomas, National Institutes of Health. “Bioactive small molecule discovery at the NIH chemical genomics center”
  • David Tellers, Merck. “Application of automation to synthetic organic challenges Shawn M. Dirk, Sandia National Laboratories
    Development of novel polymeric capacitor dielectric materials”
  • Xianhai Huang, Schering-Plough Research Institute. “Total synthesis and SAR development of potent antitumor natural product psymberin/irciniastatin A”
  • Andrew E. Taggi, DuPont Crop Protection. “Chemistry at the interface of agriculture and medicine: Pyrazinones as tubulin modulators”
  • Dafydd R. Owen, Pfizer. “Enabling the hit to lead process at Pfizer: The value of organic synthesis”
  • M. Uljana Mayer, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. “New probes for proteomics: Synthesis and application to problems in health and bioenergy”
  • Karin M. Balss, Cordis Corporation. “Investigation of chemical spatial distribution of drug and polymer in drug-eluting stent coatings”
  • Stefan G. Koenig, Sepracor. “Lessons learned: Development of a catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation process”
  • Daniel H. Appella, National Institutes of Health. “Molecular designs for peptide nucleic acids in detection and multivalent platforms”
  • Eric Assen B. Kantchev, Forma Therapeutics Singapore. “Rational exploration and exploitation of palladacycle diversity: Design and development of the SingaCycle family of NHC-palladacycle cross-coupling catalysts”
  • Oliver Thiel, Amgen. “Synthesis and process development of an advanced drug candidate”
  • Jeffrey C. Gildersleeve, National Cancer Institute. “Multidimensional carbohydrate microarrays for cancer research”

2008 Awardees

  • Yue-Mei Zhang, Johnson & Johnson. “Regioselective Pd-catalyzed coupling of halopyrimidines and synthesis of functionalized pyrimidoindole heterocycles”
  • Shane W. Krska, Merck. “Harnessing the power of high-throughput experimentation for catalytic reaction development at Merck”
  • Percy H. Carter, Bristol-Myers Squibb. “Discovery of potent, selective, and orally bioavailable antagonists of CC Chemokine Receptor 2”
  • Florence Mehlmann, Arkema. “Developments of new polymer architectures by controlled radical polymerization”
  • Zhao-Kui Wan, Wyeth Research. “Serendipitous synthetic discoveries: A tale of phosphonium and oxybenzotriazole chemistry”
  • Daniel Steiger, General Electric Global Research. “Rational design of surfaces with nanometer-sized domains for improved blood compatibility”
  • Kanth V. B. Josyula, Aldrich Chemical Company. “Enabling boron-based reagents in chemical synthesis: A story of advancing science through new product development at Aldrich”
  • Brian A. Johns, GlaxoSmithKline. “Novel synthetic methods to facilitate the pursuit of antiviral drugs”
  • Erik J. Hembre, Eli Lilly. “Discovery of the NK-1 antagonist LY686017”

2007 Awardees

  • J. Kent Barbay, Johnson & Johnson. “Synthesis and evaluation of small molecule C5a receptor antagonists”
  • Kevin R. Campos, Merck. “Enantioselective arylation of N-Boc pyrrolidine”
  • Robert M. Borzilleri, Bristol-Myers Squibb. “From cytotoxic agents to targeted therapies: A new era in oncology research”
  • Robert A. Singer, Pfizer. “Development of nonproprietary catalysts for the palladium-catalyzed amination reaction”
  • Edmund I. Graziani, Wyeth Research. “Synthesis and chemical biology of ILS-920: A novel non-immunosuppressive rapamycin analog with efficacy in multiple animal models of ischemic stroke